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1.
Braz. dent. j ; 33(5): 100-107, Sep.-Oct. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1403784

ABSTRACT

Abstract To evaluate the flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (FM) of a commercial 3Y-TZ0P ceramic after artificial aging and either without or with two application times of non-thermal plasma treatments (NTP). In addition, changes in crystalline phase transformation and surface nano-topography after NTP application, during different aging periods, were evaluated. Ninety 3Y-TZP bars (45x4x3 mm) were made for FS and FM testing, and assigned to nine groups (n=10): no NTP/no aging (Control); no NTP/4h aging; no NTP/30h aging; 10s NTP/no aging; 10s NTP/4h aging; 10s NTP/30h aging; 60s NTP/no aging; 60s NTP/4h aging and 60s NTP/30h aging. Artificial accelerated aging was simulated using an autoclave (134º C at 2 bar) for up to 30h. FS and FM were assessed using a universal testing machine and data analyzed using a ANOVA and Tukey test (α=0.05). The volume change in zirconia monoclinic phase (MPV) was evaluated using X-ray diffraction and surface nano-topography was assessed using atomic force microscopy (baseline until 30h-aging). NTP application did not influence the FS and FM of zirconia. Compared to the Control (no NTP/no aging), the FS of zirconia samples treated for 30 hours in autoclave ("no NTP/30h aging" group) increased. Artificial aging for 30 hours significantly increased the FM of zirconia, regardless of NTP application. MPV tended to increase following the increase in aging time, which might result in the surface irregularities observed at 30h-aging. NTP did not alter the zirconia properties tested, but 30h-aging can change the zirconia FS, FM and MPV.


Resumo Avaliar a resistência à flexão (FS) e o módulo de flexão (FM) de uma cerâmica comercial 3Y-TZP após envelhecimento artificial, e com ou sem dois tempos de aplicação de plasma não térmico (NTP). Além disso, a transformação de fase cristalina e a nano-topografia de superfície após a aplicação de NTP, durante diferentes períodos de envelhecimento, foram avaliadas. Noventa barras 3Y-TZP (45x4x3 mm) foram feitas para testes de FS e FM, e distribuídas em nove grupos (n=10): sem NTP/sem envelhecimento (Controle); sem NTP/4h de envelhecimento; sem NTP/30h de envelhecimento; 10sNTP/sem envelhecimento; 10sNTP/4h; 10sNTP/30h; 60sNTP/sem envelhecimento; 60sNTP/4h e 60sNTP/30h. O envelhecimento artificial acelerado foi simulado em autoclave (134º C a 2 bar) por até 30 horas. FS e FM foram avaliados em máquina de ensaio universal e os dados analisados ​​pela ANOVA e teste de Tukey (α = 0,05). A mudança de volume da fase monoclínica de zircônia (MPV) foi avaliada usando difração de raios-X e nano-topografia de superfície foi avaliada utilizando microscopia de força atômica (baseline até 30h). A aplicação do NTP não influenciou a FS e FM da zircônia. Comparado ao Controle ("sem NTP/sem envelhecimento"), a FS das amostras de zircônia tratadas por 30 horas em autoclave ("sem NTP/30h de envelhecimento") aumentou. O envelhecimento artificial por 30 horas aumentou significativamente a FM da zircônia, independente do tempo de aplicação do NTP. O MPV tendeu a aumentar em função do aumento do tempo de envelhecimento para todos os grupos, que pode ter resultado nas irregularidades superficiais observadas com 30 horas de envelhecimento. O NTP não afetou as propriedades da zircônia testadas, mas o envelhecimento por 30 horas pode alterar a FS, FM e MPV da zircônia.

2.
Res. Biomed. Eng. (Online) ; 31(1): 62-69, Jan-Mar/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829415

ABSTRACT

Introduction Modern transfemoral knee prostheses are designed to offer comfort and self-confidence to amputees. These prostheses are mainly based upon either a passive concept, with a damping system, or an active computational intelligent design to control knee motion during the swing phase. In Brazil, most lower extremity amputees are unable to afford modern prostheses due to their high cost. In this work, we present the conception, design and development of a low-cost intelligent prosthesis for one-sided transfemoral amputees. Methods The concept of the prosthesis is based on a control system with sensors for loads, which are installed on the amputee’s preserved leg and used as a mirror for the movement of the prosthesis. Mechanical strength analysis, using the Finite Element Method, electromechanical tests for the sensors and actuators and verification of data acquisition, signal conditioning and data transferring to the knee prosthesis were performed. Results The laboratory tests performed showed the feasibility of the proposed design. The electromechanical concept that was used enabled a controlled activation of the knee prosthesis by the two load cells located on the shoe sole of the preserved leg. Conclusions The electromechanical design concept and the resulting knee prosthesis show promising results concerning prosthesis activation during walking tests, thereby showing the feasibility of a reduced manufacturing cost compared to the modern prostheses available on the market.

3.
Rev. bras. eng. biomed ; 25(2): 75-82, ago. 2009. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-556117

ABSTRACT

Dor lombar é considerada um dos maiores problemas sócioeconômicos por estar associada à incapacidade temporária do indivíduo. Acredita-se que a incidência de desabilidade devido às dores nas costas esteja crescendo exponencialmente pela tendência de um novo estilo de vida sedentário e a baixa tolerância à dor entre a população. Um grande número de estudos mostra que em certo momento da vida 80% da população mundial será afetada por esta patologia. A tração manual aplicada à coluna lombar é entre várias terapias, um dos tratamentos que mais cresce, devido ao seu baixo custo e por ser não invasiva. O propósito deste estudo foi medir a força aplicada pelo examinador durante a tração manual, bem como a pressão resultante da coluna lombar. Os resultados mostraram que a força da tração lombar pode ser facilmente medida por meio do método proposto. A intensidade de força parece depender ligeiramente do peso do sujeito. A mobilização da posição lombar após a tração pode ser monitorada satisfatoriamente medindo a pressão exercida por esta região no arranjo experimental. Um sistema de alerta luminoso foi também desenvolvido a fim de auxiliar o paciente na manutenção pós-tração. Os testes laboratoriais realizados mostraram uma sensibilidade satisfatória, possibilitando uma aplicação clínica deste sistema.


Low back pain is considered as one of the greatest socioeconomic problems due to the associated temporary disability of the subject. The occurrence of disability due to low back pain tends to increase exponentially as a consequence of the sedentary way of life as well as the low pain tolerance of the population. A large number of studies have shown that, at a given stage of life, about 80% of the world population will be affected by this pathology. Manual traction applied to the lumbar spine is, among various therapies, one of the most growing “in popularity” due to its low cost and to thefact of being non-invasive. The purpose of the present study was to measure the force applied by the therapist, during the manual traction, together with the resulting load on the lumbar spine. The results showed that the force of the lumbar traction could be easily measured by means of the simple method proposed; the force intensity seems to be slightly dependent on the subject weight. The mobilization of lumbar position after the traction could by satisfactorily monitored by measuring the local pressure exerted by this region on the manipulative table. An alerting device has also been developed in order to assist the subject to maintain the pos-traction lumbar position. The laboratory tests performed have showed a satisfactory sensitivity of the device, allowing its possible clinical application.


Subject(s)
Kinesiology, Applied/instrumentation , Manipulation, Spinal/instrumentation , Physical Therapy Modalities/instrumentation , Biomechanical Phenomena , Calibration , Low Back Pain/therapy , Risk Measurement Equipment , Complementary Therapies/instrumentation
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